What is Supplier Segmentation?
Supplier segmentation is a strategy for managing a company’s product vendors and service providers. This approach to supply chain management bases the strategy on categorizing suppliers based on specific criteria, enabling companies to prioritize resources, tailor supplier-management practices to each third-party provider, and enhance overall supply chain efficiency. By understanding each supplier individually, organizations can build more productive relationships, maximize their procurement potential, and safeguard themselves from certain risks.
Understanding Supplier Segmentation
The supplier segmentation approach divides suppliers into distinct groups, or segments, based on a number of characteristics, such as their impact on the business, goods or service type, and their performance rating as determined by the client/customer organization. Classifying vendors enables businesses to develop targeted strategies for managing different vendor types and ensuring each segment receives appropriate attention and resources.
Key Components of Supplier Segmentation
The supplier segmentation approach involves four key elements, which companies can apply to best suit their needs. Criteria and categorizations will very likely be different for each organization.
1. Segmentation Criteria
The first step for companies employing a supplier segmentation strategy is to identify and define key supplier characteristics for categorizing vendors. Organizations often determine categories such as vendor type (supplier or service provider), spend volume, strategic importance, and supplier performance. Each characteristic helps identify critical suppliers and those that require specialized management approaches.
2. Supplier Categories
- Product Vendors: These suppliers deliver material and often manage inventory to restock for production or facility maintenance purposes.
- Service Providers: These suppliers provide specialty services that facility staff can’t perform, such as specialized maintenance tasks, evaluations, or inspections.
- Strategic Suppliers: These suppliers offer goods or services that are critical to a company’s operation and long-term success, and are often a large portion of the company’s spend volume.
- Bottleneck Suppliers: These vendors provide essential goods or services, but have a limited supply or availability. Managing these suppliers often requires seeking out backups for times of critical need.
- Leverage Suppliers: These are low-risk suppliers where the company has the advantage and is able to negotiate favorable terms, contributing to cost efficiencies.
- Non-Critical Suppliers: Non-critical vendors provide low-risk, low-value goods and services. They require minimal management. Companies can focus a large portion of cost control efforts on these suppliers.
3. Data Collection and Analysis
Effective supplier segmentation requires comprehensive data collection and analysis of several metrics. Key measurements include such information as historical spend data, vendor-performance metrics, risk assessments, and market intelligence. Many computerized maintenance management systems (CMMS) and supplier-management software provide powerful tools to help analyze this data to identify patterns and make informed decisions regarding supplier segmentation.
4. Strategy Customization
With all suppliers segmented, companies are then able to apply tailored management strategies to each category. For example, a company might better benefit from joint innovation initiatives and long-term contracts with strategic suppliers. The approach to leverage suppliers might include competitive bidding and more frequent negotiations.
Benefits of Supplier Segmentation
Organizations that implement supplier segmentation processes enjoy numerous advantages that help streamline business operations and bring efficiency to facility management duties.
1. Optimized Resource Optimization
Segmenting suppliers enables companies to more effectively manage resource allocation. Critical vendors receive the attention and investment they need, while organizations have sufficient leverage to manage less vital suppliers more efficiently.
2. Enhanced Supplier Relationship Management
Segmentation empowers organizations to target management strategies to fit each supplier segment. This frees up time and resources to build stronger, more collaborative supplier relationships with critical vendors and strategic suppliers, fostering deeper engagement and lasting partnerships.
3. Increased Efficiency
Segmentation gives companies the opportunity to focus on their most important suppliers, streamlining procurement processes, reducing administrative overhead, and improving efficiency across supply chain operations.
4. Superior Risk Management
By separating out high-risk suppliers through segmentation, companies are able to develop contingency plans and mitigate potential interruptions in their supply chain. For example, a supplier may not always have a critical item in stock, so the organization retains one or more other suppliers to order the necessary supplies on an as-needed basis.
5. Cost Savings
Segmentation gives companies an overview of each supplier category, enabling them to identify opportunities for cost savings. By reviewing vendors in each category, organizations can pinpoint areas for spending consolidation and chances to negotiate more favorable terms with non-critical suppliers.
Implementing Supplier Segmentation
While it may look different for each organization, successfully rolling out an effective supplier segmentation initiative typically involves five key steps.
1. Define Objectives:
Determine the goals you want your supplier segmentation efforts to achieve. Establish criteria for categorizing suppliers, considering factors such as annual cost, risk, strategic importance, and vendor performance review history.
2. Collect Data:
Gather comprehensive data on vendors and service providers. Key information may include spend analysis, key performance metrics, and risk assessments. Employ analytics tools, such as predictive AI and custom analytics offered by ServiceChannel, to identify patterns and accurately group suppliers into their appropriate segments.
3. Segment Suppliers
Use the defined criteria and analytics recommendations to group suppliers into categories that best reflect their importance and characteristics.
4. Develop Management Strategies
Tailor your management strategies for each supplier segment. Dedicate appropriate time and resources to collaboration and innovation efforts with key suppliers. Focus on cost efficiency with leverage suppliers and risk mitigation with bottleneck suppliers. Develop streamlining strategies for managing non-critical suppliers.
5. Monitor and Adjust
Regularly review segmentation criteria and compare documented characteristics with the current state of vendor relationships. Update criteria and strategies to reflect changes in the market, current business priorities, and supplier performance history. Continuous monitoring ensures that your supplier segmentation process remains relevant and effective.
Supplier Segmentation in Conclusion
A strategic supplier segmentation approach empowers organizations to manage their supplier base more effectively and keep tight control over their supply chain. Sy categorizing suppliers based on key characteristics, companies can efficiently allocate resources, build stronger relationships, and enjoy significant cost savings. As supply chains increase in complexity, the importance of supplier segmentation will continue to grow. A robust facilities management software platform like ServiceChannel can help facility managers and company leadership in vendor and facilities management efforts. Explore ServiceChannel for a look at effective and efficient ways to manage your facilities and supplier relationships.
